The current environmental crisis is not only linked to climate change, but also to inadequate waste management and the intensive consumption of natural resources. In 2023, approximately 2.3 billion metric tons of municipal solid waste were generated, and this figure is projected to reach 3.8 billion metric tons by 2050. A significant portion of this waste ends up in landfills or is incinerated, releasing greenhouse gases. In the case of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), 35% is incinerated, contributing to approximately 534 million metric tons of CO₂ equivalent per year.
Sustainable concrete uses rice husk ash, PET, and tire rubber as fine aggregate substitutes
