For decades, the central dogma of molecular biology—DNA makes RNA, RNA makes protein, protein makes phenotype—was the guiding framework for understanding inheritance and disease. This model explained classic Mendelian traits, such as how single DNA mutations in protein-coding regions could cause diseases like sickle cell anemia. Yet, this accounts for only about 2% of Mendelian inheritance and the resulting phenotypic changes.
The RNA revolution: How our understanding of life’s blueprint is being rewritten
